Expressão dos níveis plasmáticos de metaloproteinases e seus inibidores em pacientes com aneurisma da aorta abdominal
Expression of plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm
Vanessa Souza Silva Medrado; Domingos Sávio de Oliveira e Silva; Leonardo Alves Santos; Luana Macedo da Silva Nascimento; Rodrigo Mendes; Pedro Pereira Tenório
Resumo
Ao Editor,
Lemos com grande interesse o artigo de Leite et al.
Os autores também reforçam, em consonância com Hellenthal et al.
Apesar das contribuições relevantes, alguns pontos merecem reflexão e aprimoramento. Um acompanhamento mais prolongado (além de 6 meses) poderia esclarecer se as elevações desses biomarcadores persistem ou se normalizam, e se estão associadas à endoleaks tardios ou ao aumento do saco. O controle de fatores de confusão, como aterosclerose e inflamação crônica, sobretudo, permitiria melhor especificidade na interpretação dos resultados. Cabe destacar que condições como aterosclerose, doenças autoimunes, neoplasias e uso de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios também podem influenciar os níveis de MMPs e TIMPs. A ausência de controle para essas variáveis, apontada pelos próprios autores, limita a precisão da associação entre os biomarcadores e o EVAR em si. Embora o número de pacientes seja adequado, o baixo número de endoleaks observados (n = 10) limita o poder estatístico para análises mais detalhadas. Assim, seria interessante investigar também se diferentes tipos de endopróteses utilizados influenciam a resposta inflamatória e os níveis de biomarcadores, considerando variações na força radial e nos mecanismos de vedação.
Em suma, o trabalho de Leite et al. constitui uma importante contribuição à literatura sobre o seguimento molecular após EVAR. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de novos estudos multicêntricos, com amostras maiores, acompanhamento prolongado e incorporação de biomarcadores emergentes, como miRNAs e citocinas inflamatórias (Tenorio et al.)
Abstract
Dear Editor,
I have read the letter entitled “Expression of plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.” First, I would like to thank you for your observations, and I would like to make a few comments.
Given the obligation to monitor patients undergoing endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), there is a need to develop non-invasive methods to identify endoleaks and indicate early intervention. Currently, surveillance examinations still depend on the imaging diagnosis made by the physician, as well as on the analysis and measurement platform used.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of genetically related enzymes with zinc dependent proteolytic activity. Aneurysmal tissue is characterized by increased elastolytic and collagenolytic activity, resulting from the enhanced production of proteolytic enzymes compared with normal aortic tissue. In the present series, no difference was observed in MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity at 6 months postoperatively between patients with and without endoleak during this period. However, there was an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels before and after endovascular treatment.
The reasons for this discrepancy may be related to differences in the populations studied, to variations in blood sample handling, to methodological assessment, or to the persistence of aneurysmal tissue. Indeed, bias related to other non-vascular diseases, or even to atherosclerosis itself, may contribute to imprecision in biomarker results. Identifying a way to mitigate the confounding effect would provide a more comprehensive understanding of aneurysm pathophysiology, as well as improved sensitivity and specificity in endoleak screening. Therefore, multicenter studies that incorporate different brands of endografts and, if possible, comparisons with open surgical repair could provide further insights into the pathophysiology and comprehensive management with exclusion of the aneurysmal sac, in addition to allowing longer term follow-up of biomarker levels.
In another publication by Leite et al.,
Given the cascade of reactions related to miR-21, expandable balloons or drug-eluting endografts containing pre-miR-21 could represent a promising tool to stimulate cell proliferation in the aortic wall of patients with AAA. Regarding miR-181b, the use of an anti-miR-181b drug reduces the expression of SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), promoting greater elasticity and reduced stiffness of the vascular wall, which could also represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis and aneurysms.
Therefore, although the clinical potential of biomarkers is promising, there are still challenges to be overcome before their practical implementation. Among these, the following stand out: the need for standardization of methods, with the development of uniform protocols for the collection, processing, and analysis of miRNA, MMP, and TIMP; clinical validation in large-scale multicenter studies; as well as integration into clinical practice and assurance of accessibility for all patients, with feasible tools for routine application.
References
1 Leite TF, Silva ER, Gomes K, Tirapelli DPC, Joviliano EE. Expressão dos níveis plasmáticos de MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 em pacientes com aneurisma da aorta abdominal. J Vasc Bras. 2025;24:e20240163.
2 McMillan WD, Pearce WH. Increased plasma levels of metalloproteinase-9 are associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 1999;29(1):122-7, discussion 127-9.
3 Hellenthal FA, Ten Bosch JA, Pulinx B, et al. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9: a possible diagnostic marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012;43(2):171-2.
4 Tenorio EJR, Braga AFF, Tirapelli DPDC, Ribeiro MS, Piccinato CE, Joviliano EE. Expression in whole blood samples of miRNA-191 and miRNA-455-3p in patients with AAA and their relationship to clinical outcomes after endovascular repair. Ann Vasc Surg. 2018;50:209-17.
Submitted date:
07/29/2025
Accepted date:
09/11/2025


