Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
http://www.jvb.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.202601522
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Therapeutic Challenge

Anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm after external fixation: a therapeutic challenge

Pseudoaneurisma da artéria tibial anterior após fixação externa: um desafio terapêutico

Gabriela Caetano Vilela Lauar; Rafael Barreto Kakudate; José Lucas Scarpinetti Galvão; Érica de Brito Marques Cruz; Isabela Cássia Maia do Nascimento; Ana Carolina Gaetan Afonso; Augusto Kreling Medeiros

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Abstract

Pseudoaneurysms of the lower limb arteries are rare but potentially severe complications. Diagnosis is often delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and preserved distal pulses. We report the case of a 19-year-old male patient with complex tibial and fibular fractures treated with external fixation, who presented 45 days after trauma with progressive leg swelling and a pulsatile mass. Duplex ultrasound demonstrated typical pseudoaneurysm flow patterns, later confirmed by computed tomography angiography. Detailed imaging analysis showed precise spatial correlation between the pseudoaneurysm and a pre-existing bone tunnel corresponding to a Schanz pin from a prior monolateral external fixator, while excluding the circular Ilizarov device and the initial trauma as the direct cause of the vascular injury. Endovascular embolization was successfully performed, followed by definitive orthopedic management, highlighting the pivotal role of imaging in establishing etiology and guiding treatment of delayed vascular complications related to external fixation.

Keywords

aneurysm; false; ultrasonography; Doppler; tibial arteries

Resumo

Pseudoaneurismas das artérias dos membros inferiores são complicações raras, porém potencialmente graves. Diagnóstico é frequentemente tardio devido a sintomas inespecíficos e à manutenção dos pulsos distais. Relatamos o caso de paciente masculino, de 19 anos, com fraturas complexas de tíbia e fíbula tratadas com fixação externa, que apresentou, 45 dias após o trauma, edema progressivo e uma massa pulsátil na perna. Ultrassonografia com Doppler evidenciou padrões de fluxo típicos de pseudoaneurisma, posteriormente confirmados por angiotomografia computadorizada. Análise detalhada das imagens revelou correlação espacial precisa entre pseudoaneurisma e túnel ósseo preexistente, correspondente a pino de Schanz de fixador externo monolateral prévio, descartando fixador circular de Ilizarov e trauma inicial como causas diretas da lesão vascular. Realizou-se com sucesso a embolização endovascular, seguida pelo tratamento ortopédico definitivo, ressaltando o papel fundamental dos exames de imagem na determinação da etiologia e na orientação do tratamento de complicações vasculares tardias associadas à fixação externa.

Palavras-chave

pseudoaneurisma; ultrassonografia Doppler; artéria tibial anterior

References

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6 Pathinathan K, Sivakumaran D, Dimantha WHD, Nishanthan AA, Chanaka KAN, Munidasa D. Late-onset pseudoaneurysms of lower limb arteries following late complications of orthopaedic constructs: two cases and review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2021;87(C):106457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106457. PMid:34628332.

7 Belai PM, Assis ZCB, Vieira TFM, et al. Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the anterior tibial artery: therapeutic challenge. J Vasc Bras. 2025;24:e20240120. https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.202401201. PMid:40109304.
 


Submitted date:
07/14/2026

Accepted date:
08/26/2026

Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)"> Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)">
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